1. Business & System Discovery
Objective: Understand business processes, data flows, and system requirements.
Activities include:
Analyzing business logic and operational workflows
Identifying core systems, data sources, and integration needs
Reviewing existing infrastructure and technical constraints
Defining performance, security, and compliance requirements
Mapping stakeholders, roles, and access levels
Outcome: A clear understanding of system context, integration scope, and architectural requirements.

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2. Architecture Design & Technology Strategy
Objective: Design a scalable, secure, and resilient back-end foundation.
Activities include:
Defining system architecture (monolith, microservices, event-driven)
Selecting technology stack, frameworks, and databases
Designing data models and domain structures
Planning cloud infrastructure and deployment topology
Establishing scalability, fault tolerance, and high-availability standards
Outcome: A robust technical architecture blueprint that supports long-term growth and reliability.

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3. API Strategy & Interface Definition
Objective: Define standardized, secure, and developer-friendly interfaces.
Activities include:
Designing REST / GraphQL / gRPC API structures
Defining endpoint contracts, request/response schemas, and versioning strategy
Establishing authentication and authorization mechanisms (OAuth, JWT, SSO)
Designing rate limiting, throttling, and caching policies
Documenting APIs using OpenAPI / Swagger standards
Outcome: A well-defined API framework that ensures interoperability, security, and maintainability.

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4. Core Back-End Development
Objective: Implement business logic, services, and data processing layers.
Activities include:
Developing core services and microservices
Implementing business rules and validation logic
Building data access layers and repositories
Handling asynchronous processing, queues, and background jobs
Applying performance optimization and code quality standards
Outcome: A stable, efficient, and scalable back-end system.

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5. Integrations & System Connectivity
Objective: Connect internal and external systems into a unified ecosystem.
Activities include:
Integrating CRM, ERP, payment gateways, and third-party platforms
Implementing real-time and batch data synchronization
Connecting legacy systems and modern cloud services
Handling webhooks, message brokers, and event streams
Ensuring data consistency and transactional integrity
Outcome: A fully connected backend ecosystem supporting seamless business operations.

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6. Security, Compliance & Data Protection
Objective: Protect systems, data, and user access.
Activities include:
Implementing encryption, secure storage, and key management
Applying role-based access control and identity management
Ensuring GDPR, PCI DSS, HIPAA, or industry compliance
Conducting vulnerability assessments and penetration testing
Implementing audit logging and monitoring controls
Outcome: A secure, compliant backend infrastructure that protects business and user data.

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7. Testing, Deployment & Reliability Engineering
Objective: Ensure stability, scalability, and production readiness.
Activities include:
Unit, integration, and contract testing
Load, stress, and failover testing
Setting up CI/CD pipelines and deployment automation
Implementing monitoring, alerting, and logging systems
Preparing backup, recovery, and disaster recovery strategies
Outcome: A production-grade backend system with high availability and operational resilience.

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8. Monitoring, Optimization & Continuous Evolution
Objective: Continuously improve performance, scalability, and system value.
Activities include:
Monitoring latency, throughput, and error rates
Analyzing system performance and capacity usage
Optimizing queries, caching, and infrastructure costs
Introducing architectural enhancements and new integrations
Adapting the backend to evolving business and product needs
Outcome: A continuously evolving backend architecture that scales reliably and supports long-term business growth.

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